OT-SCADA Penetration Test

An OT (SCADA) penetration test is a type of assessment that evaluates the cybersecurity posture of industrial control systems (ICS), including PLCs, SCADA systems, and peripheral components. The primary goal is to identify vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure and take preventive measures against cyber threats. During testing, real-world attacker techniques are applied to uncover weaknesses. Periodic testing of SCADA infrastructure against evolving cyber threats is crucial for ensuring business continuity and stable production. All findings, documents, and data gathered throughout the process contribute to improving the overall security maturity of critical systems.

OT (SCADA) systems typically operate on closed-loop architectures, making them weaker in terms of cybersecurity controls. Penetration testing helps identify and resolve vulnerabilities in critical infrastructures. These tests aim to secure operational workflows, prevent disruptions, and avoid data breaches. Cyberattacks targeting industrial facilities can result in significant financial damage, operational losses, and reduced production. Periodic SCADA testing improves security levels and ensures preparedness for future cyberattacks.

OT penetration tests cover critical systems such as PLCs, SCADA, RTUs, HMIs, DSS, MES, and Engineering Workstations. Sensors and peripheral devices connected to these systems are also included. Firewall configurations and access control mechanisms are reviewed, ensuring a full-scope assessment of both hardware and software layers to detect and resolve vulnerabilities.

The duration of a SCADA penetration test depends on the size and complexity of the system. While tests for small infrastructures may take a few days, large and complex systems may require several weeks or months. Tests are scheduled to avoid disrupting operations. During critical assessments, alternative workflows are planned to maintain business continuity.

At the end of the OT penetration test, all identified vulnerabilities and their associated risk levels are reported in detail. For each vulnerability, tailored remediation recommendations and actionable plans are provided. The report includes both technical details for IT/security teams and executive summaries for senior management. These reports are key resources for system improvement and the development of long-term cybersecurity strategies.

The primary objective of OT penetration testing is to identify security flaws without interrupting operations. Testing is carefully planned with a focus on continuity. In some cases, tests are conducted during night shifts or low-activity periods. Coordination with project management ensures proper precautions are taken. All testing activities are aligned with the organization’s operational needs.

OT penetration tests are a fundamental part of the risk management process. Prioritizing discovered vulnerabilities allows organizations to address critical threats more swiftly. Risk reports generated after testing guide strategic decision-making and support the implementation of effective mitigation plans.

It is recommended to perform OT penetration tests at least twice a year. However, they should also be conducted after major system updates or the deployment of new components. Regular testing ensures that systems remain protected against current threats. Frequent assessments allow early detection and response to new vulnerabilities, thereby increasing cybersecurity maturity.

OT penetration tests are conducted in compliance with national and international standards such as ISO 27001, IEC 62443, and EPDK regulations. These standards help define the scope and methodology of the tests, ensuring alignment with cybersecurity best practices. Compliance with these frameworks is critical for meeting legal obligations and enhancing corporate reputation.